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By Barry Boyce, CyclingRevealed Historian
GdI May 23 to June 12, 1988 |
3,579 Km |
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Finishers: 125 |
Average Speed: 36.788 km/h |
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Hampsten Survives the Storm
The 1988 Giro d'Italia was the 71st edition and would be known as one of the most memorable Grand Tours in cycling history.
The contenders for the General Classification were American Andrew Hampsten, Spaniard Pedro Delgado, and Dutchman Erik Breukink.
Teams:
The twenty teams entering the race were:
- 7 Eleven-Hoonved
- Atala-Ofmega
- Alba Cucine-Benotto-Sidermec
- Alfa Lum-Legnano-Ecoflam
- Carrera Jeans-Vagabond
- Ceramice-Ariostea-Gres
- Del Tongo-Colnago
- Gis Gelati-Bruiatori Ecoflam
- Fanini-Seven Up
- Gewiss-Bianchi
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- Magniflex-Cyndarella-Isotonic
- Malvor-Bottecchia-Sidi
- Mosoca-Isoglass-Galli
- Panasonic-Isostar
- Toshiba-Look
- PDM-Ultima-Concorde
- Reynolds
- Salotti-Chateau d'Ax
- Selca-Ciclolinea
- Zahor Chocolates-Tokke
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Each team sent a team of nine riders.
Race Summary:
Stage 1: The Giro began with a 9 km Individual Time Trial in the City of Urbino. The stage won by Jean-Francois Bernard by 3 seconds over Tony Rominger.
Stage 11: The cancellation of the eleventh stage from Parma to Colle Don Bosco due to political protests near the finish line. The riders came into Colle Don Bosco, when environmental protestors occupied the finish line and forced the race to stop. Giro director Vincenzo Torriani canceled the stage.
Stage 12: the high mountains came on the twelfth stage with the ascension of the Valpiana, Resegone, Berbenno, and Selvino. Andy Hampsten won the stage and gained valuable time in the GC. Race leader Massimo Podenzana lost significant time and yielded the Maglia Rosa to Franco Chioccioli.
Stage 14: Three days later it would be a memorable fourteenth stage that would confirm Hampsten’s control of the race. An overnight snowstorm dropped a foot of snow on the Gavia Pass and in an effort to avoid a second stage cancellation; the organizers scrambled to plow the snow on the climb and managed to clear the road. The winter type weather remained miserable as the stage set off from Chiesa Val Malenco on JUNE 5!!!
Dutchman Johan Van Der Velde attacked early on during the climb of the Gavia Pass. Andy Hampsten quickly answered a counterattack by Franco Chioccioli and Erik Breukink. Van Der Velde was the first to peak the Gavia but slowed and stopped because of the cold. Hampsten crossed 30 seconds behind Van Der Velde and received a key musette bag with skiing items (heavy gloves and winter cap) to help on the decent. Erik Breukink trailed by 45” over the summit, but passed Hampsten, who had stopped to put on the warmer clothing. With the snow still falling Hampsten caught Breukink on the long decent. Erik Breukink won the stage 7” ahead of Hampsten but the breakaway finished 5 minutes ahead of the next contender and 7 minutes ahead of Pedro Delgado. The Maglia Rosa belonged to Andy Hampsten.
Stage 15: (Cima Coppi): The fifteenth stage of the Giro originally scheduled to start in Bormio. But race director Vincenzo Torriani was forced to re-schedule the stage start to Spondigna (on the other side of mountain) after heavy snow drifts on the roads on the Passo dello Stelvio made the climb dangerous. The Cima Coppi was canceled.
The stage was also shortened to 83 km with the huge Passo dello Stelvio taken out of the stage. The final climb of stage 15 was to the Merano 2000 ski station. Jean-Francois Bernard, Urs Zimmerman, and Franco Chioccioli attacked early on the climb and rode steadily away from Hampsten and Breukink. Bernard easily won the stage with Hampsten and Breukink a minute behind.
Stage 16: Rain greeted the sixteenth stage in Merano, which turned to snow in the mountains. Twice on the way to Innsbruck, Austria the peloton stopped to protest the severe weather, hoping the race director would cancel the stage. Torriani refused to end the stage, and the stage continued. Franco Vona attacked going into Innsbruck and gained the stage win.
Stage 18: The eighteenth stage, an 18 km Individual Time Trial, would be critical in the race for the Giro victory. The ITT course started on 5 km of flat roads, before the climb to the finish at the ski station in Valico del Vetriolo. Race leader Hampsten led the race by 42 seconds over Eric Breukink. Hampsten rode brilliantly and gained another 32 seconds in the GC.
Stage 21: An inspired Andy Hampsten survived more than one close call and rode into the finish in Veneto to claim a memorable Giro d’Italia victory. Andy Hampsten (7-Eleven-Hoonved) became the first American and the first non-European to win the Giro d'Italia.
Doping Control:
The race organizers performed “doping controls” throughout the race. After a stage riders were selected and given thirty minutes to get Doping Control. If the rider tested positive:
- received a ten-minute time penalty in the GC,
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- demotion to last place on the stage,
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- got a lengthy suspension,
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- a fine of one thousand Swiss francs.
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Although no riders tested positive after the eighteenth stage, Roberto Visentini (second place), Flavio Giupponi (third) and Urs Zimmermann (fourth) had their numbers called for testing. All three riders showed up late for their control tests and were given the same penalties given to riders who tested positive. After the riders and teams complained about the harsh penalties and threatened to withdraw from the race, the race jury reversed their decision, and no penalties were given to the three riders.
Stage and Distance |
Stage Winner |
Race Leader |
Stage 1 Urbino, 9 km ITT |
Jean-Francois Bernard (Fra) |
Jean-Francois Bernard (Fra) |
Stage 2 Urbino-Ascoli Piceno, 230 km |
Guido Bontempi (Ita) |
Jean-Francois Bernard (Fra) |
Stage 3 Ascoli Piceno-Vasto, 184 km |
Stephan Joho (Sui) |
Jean-Francois Bernard (Fra) |
Stage 4a Vasto-Rodi Garganica, 123 km |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Stage 4b Rodi Garganica-Vieste, 40 km TTT |
DEL TONGO-COLNAGO |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Stg 5 Vieste-Santa Maria Capua Vetere, 260 km |
Guido Bontempi (Ita) |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
St 6 S.M. Capua Vet-Campitello Matese, 137 km |
Franco Chioccioli (Ita) |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Stage 7 Campitello Matese-Avezzano, 178 km |
Andreas Kappes (Ned) |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Stage 8 Avezzano-Chianciano, 251 km |
Jean-Francois Bernard (Fra) |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Stage 9 Pienza-Marina di Massa, 239 km |
Alessio Di Basco (Ita) |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Stage 10 Carrara-Salsomaggiore, 190 km |
Paolo Rosola (Ita) |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Stage 11 Parma-Colle con Bosco, Canceled |
Stage canceled, protests |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
Stage 12 Novara-Selvino, 205 km |
Andrew Hampsten (USA) |
Franco Chioccioli (Ita) |
Stg 13 Bergamo-Chiesa Van Malenco, 129 km |
Tony Rominger (Sui) |
Franco Chioccioli (Ita) |
Stage 14 Chiesa Val Malenco-Bormio, 120 km |
Erik Breukink (Ned) |
Andy Hampsten (USA) |
Stage 15 Bormio-Merano 2000, 83 km |
Jean-Francois Bernard (Fra) |
Andy Hampsten (USA) |
Stage 16 Merano-Innsbruck (Aut), 176 km |
Franco Vona (Ita) |
Andy Hampsten (USA) |
Stage 17 Innsbruck-Borgo Valsugana, 221 km |
Patrizio Gambirasio (Ita) |
Andy Hampsten (USA) |
Stg 18 Levico Terme-Col de Vetriolo, 18 km ITT |
Andrew Hampsten (USA) |
Andy Hampsten (USA) |
Stage 19 Borgo Valsugana-Arta Terme, 233 km |
Stefano Giuliani (Ita) |
Andy Hampsten (USA) |
Stage 20 Arta Terme-Lido del Jesolo, 212 km |
Paolo Rosola (Ita) |
Andy Hampsten (USA) |
Stage 21a Jesolo-Vittorio Veneto, 73 km |
Urs Freuler (Sui) |
Andy Hampsten (USA) |
Stage 21b Vittorio Veneto, 43 km ITT |
Lech Piasecki (Pol) |
 Andy Hampsten (USA) |
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Mountain Classification |
 Andy Hampsten (USA)
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Points Classification |
 Johan Van der Velde (Ned) |
General Classification:
Final General Classification |
Rank |
Rider |
Team |
Points |
1 |
Andrew HAMSPTEN (USA)  |
7 Eleven-Hoonved |
97h18'56" |
2 |
Erik Breukink (Ned) |
Panasonic-Isostar |
+1'43" |
3 |
Urs Zimmermann (Sui) |
Carrera Jeans-Vagabond |
+2'45" |
4 |
Flavio Giupponi (Ita) |
Del Tongo-Colnago |
+6'56" |
5 |
Franco Chioccioli (Ita) |
Del Tongo-Colnago |
+13'20" |
6 |
Marco Giovannetti (Ita) |
Gis Gelati-Bruiatori Ecoflam |
+15'20" |
7 |
Pedro Delgado (Spa) |
Reynolds |
+17'02" |
8 |
Peter Winnen (Ned) |
Panasonic-Isostar |
+18'14" |
9 |
Stefano Tomasini (Ita) |
Fanini-Seven Up |
+27'01" |
10 |
Maurizio Vandelli (Ita) |
Atala-Ofmega |
+27'02" |
11 |
Beat Breu (Sui) |
+28'17" |
69 |
Henk Lubberding (Ned) |
+2h05'19" |
12 |
Marc Madiot (Fra) |
+28'17" |
70 |
Maurizio Piovani (Ita) |
+2h06'11" |
13 |
Roberto Visentini (Ita) |
+40'07" |
71 |
Kurt Steinmann (Sui) |
+2h07'12" |
14 |
Raul Alcala (Mex) |
+40'09" |
72 |
Bruno Huerlimann (Sui) |
+2h09'36" |
15 |
Franco Vona (Ita) |
+42'31" |
73 |
Ennio Salvador (Ita) |
+2h09'45" |
16 |
Juan-Tomas Martinez (Spa) |
+49'12" |
74 |
Lech Piasecki (Pol) |
+2h09'56" |
17 |
Guy Nulens (Bel) |
+53'49" |
75 |
Eric Vanderaerden (Bel) |
+2h10'16" |
18 |
Massimo Ghirotto (Ita) |
+54'48" |
76 |
Alessandro Pozzi (Ita) |
+2h13'08" |
19 |
Alberto Volpi (Ita) |
+55'05" |
77 |
Luigi Botteon (Ita) |
+2h13'19" |
20 |
Emanuele Bombini (Ita) |
+55'33" |
78 |
Marco-Franco Votolo (Ita) |
+2h13'45" |
21 |
Ennio Vanotti (Ita) |
+57'39" |
79 |
Theo De Rooy (Ned) |
+2h15'33" |
22 |
Silvano Contini (Ita) |
+58'12" |
80 |
Czeslaw Lang (Pol) |
+2h16'48" |
23 |
Helmut Wechselberger (Aut) |
+59'17" |
81 |
Daniele Pizzol (Ita) |
+2h18'42" |
24 |
Claudio Chiappucci (Ita) |
+1h01'11" |
82 |
Urs Freuler (Sui) |
+2h18'50" |
25 |
Marco Franceschini (Ita) |
+1h01'22" |
83 |
Marco Zen (Ita) |
+2h18'56" |
26 |
Marino Amadori (Ita) |
+1h02'42" |
84 |
Fabio Bordonali (Ita) |
+2h19'32" |
27 |
Giuseppe Saronni (Ita) |
+1h03'28" |
85 |
Silvano Lorenzoni (Ita) |
+2h19'36" |
28 |
Claudio Savini (Ita) |
+1h04'10" |
86 |
Alberto Elli (Ita) |
+2h20'44" |
29 |
Angelo Lecchi (Ita) |
+1h04'38" |
87 |
Tullio Cortinovis (Ita) mt |
m.t |
30 |
Jose-Luis Laguia (Spa) |
+1h06'55" |
88 |
Francesco Cesarini (Ita) |
+2h24'30" |
31 |
Alfio Vandi (Ita) |
+1h08'58" |
89 |
Claudio Vandelli (Ita) |
+2h26'55" |
32 |
Javier- Lukin-Morantin (Spa) |
+1h10'21" |
90 |
Federico Ghiotto (Ita) |
+2h31'27" |
33 |
Roberto Conti (Ita) |
+1h11'30" |
91 |
Guido Bontempi (Ita) |
+2h31'47" |
34 |
Mauro Santaromita (Ita) |
+1h11'35" |
92 |
Daniel Gisiger (Sui) |
+2h32'38" |
35 |
Marco Vitali (Ita) |
+1h12'07" |
93 |
Marco Saligari (Ita) |
+2h35'11" |
36 |
Luciano Loro (Ita) |
+1h14'58" |
94 |
Jesus Suarez-Cueva (Spa) |
+2h38'16" |
37 |
Fabrice Philipot (Fra) |
+1h15'40" |
95 |
Fabrizio Vanucci (Ita) |
+2h40'11" |
38 |
Dominique Arnaud (Fra) |
+1h17'24" |
96 |
Mario Noris (Ita) |
+2h42'20" |
39 |
Marcello Siboni (Ita) |
+1h18'07" |
97 |
Luigi Furlan (Ita) |
+2h45'16" |
40 |
Santiago Portillo (Ita) |
+1h18'43" |
98 |
Melchor Mauri (Spa) |
+2h45'59" |
41 |
Massimo Podenzana (Ita) |
+1h18'57" |
99 |
Arno Wohlfahrter (Aut) |
+2h49'04" |
42 |
Rolf Sorensen (Den) |
+1h20'51" |
100 |
Valerio Piva (Ita) |
+2h49'37" |
43 |
Werner Stutz (Sui) |
+1h25'51" |
101 |
Pierangelo Bincoletto (Ita) |
+2h50'10" |
44 |
Tony Rominger (Sui) |
+1h27'44" |
102 |
Paolo Rosola (Ita) |
+2h55'06" |
45 |
Jesus Rodriguez-Magro (Spa) |
+1h28'15" |
103 |
Alan Peiper (Aus) |
+2h56'48" |
46 |
Jeff Pierce (USA) |
+1h28'46" |
104 |
Flavio Chesini (Ita) |
+2h57'52" |
47 |
Omar Hernandez (Col) |
+1h29'13" |
105 |
Johan Lammerts (Ned) |
+2h58'24" |
48 |
Rolf Jaermann (Sui) |
+1h35'20" |
106 |
Giuseppe Petito (Ita) |
+2h59'41" |
49 |
Roberto Pagnin (Ita) |
+1h35'26" |
107 |
Silvio Martinello (Ita) |
+3h05'27" |
50 |
Gianni Faresin (Ita) |
+1h36'02" |
108 |
Luciano Boffo (Ita) |
+3h07'25" |
51 |
Enrico Galleschi (Ita) |
+1h38'24" |
109 |
Alessio Di Basco (Ita) |
+3h07'48" |
52 |
Luca Rota (Ita) |
+1h39'51" |
110 |
Giovanni Strazzer (Ita) |
+3h08'59" |
53 |
Luciano Rabottini (Ita) |
+1h43'42" |
111 |
Eduardo Rocchi (Ita) |
+3h10'13" |
54 |
Claudio Corti (Ita) |
+1h44'22" |
112 |
Antonio Ferretti (Sui) |
+3h11'02" |
55 |
Jorg Muller (Sui) |
+1h46'21" |
113 |
Daniele Del Ben (Ita) |
+3h11'07" |
56 |
Stefano Giuliani (Ita) |
+1h48'10" |
114 |
Stefano Allocchio (Ita) |
+3h17'00" |
57 |
Teun Van Vliet (Ned) |
+1h48'15" |
115 |
Paul Popp (Aut) |
+3h21'13" |
58 |
Daniel Wyder (Sui) |
+1h49'10" |
116 |
Daniele Caroli (Ita) |
+3h29'30" |
59 |
Michele Moro (Ita) |
+1h50'43" |
117 |
Luc Ronsse (Bel) |
+3h34'56" |
60 |
Jiri Skoda (Cze) |
+1h51'01" |
118 |
Davis Phinney (USA) |
+3h40'27" |
61 |
Bob Roll (USA) |
+1h52'07" |
119 |
Jan-Erik Ostergaard (Den) |
+3h43'00" |
62 |
Ron Kiefel (USA) |
+1h52'21" |
120 |
Patrizio Gambirasio (Ita) |
+3h46'39" |
63 |
Renato Piccolo (Ita) |
+1h54'48" |
121 |
Giovanni Bottoia (Ita) |
+3h48'51" |
64 |
Giampaolo Fregonese (Ita) |
+1h55'10" |
122 |
Enrico Grimani (Ita) |
+3h52'01" |
65 |
Johan Van der Velde (Ned) |
+1h56'27" |
123 |
Geert Vandewalle (Bel) |
+4h06'47" |
66 |
Marc Van Orsouw (Ned) |
+1h57'15" |
124 |
Hendrik Redant (Bel) |
+4h19'36" |
67 |
Pierino Gavazzi (Ita) |
+2h00'43" |
125 |
Dante Morandi (Ita) |
+4h48'15" |
68 |
Jesper Worre (Den) |
+2h05'18" |
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Final Mountains Classification |
Rank |
Rider |
Team |
Points |
1 |
Andrew HAMSPTEN (USA) |
7 Eleven-Hoonved |
59 |
2 |
Stefano Giuliani (Ita) |
Salotti-Chateau d'Ax |
55 |
3 |
Renato Piccolo (Ita) |
Gewiss-Bianchi |
49 |
4 |
Urs Zimmermann (Sui) |
Carrera Jeans-Vagabond |
40 |
5 |
Tony Rominger (Sui) |
Salotti-Chateau d'Ax |
23 |
Final Points Classification |
Rank |
Rider |
Team |
Points |
1 |
Johan VAN DE VELDE (Ned) |
Gis Gelati-Bruiatori Ecoflam |
154 |
2 |
Rolf Sorensen (Den) |
Ceramice-Ariostea-Gres |
131 |
3 |
Andrew Hampsten (USA) |
7 Eleven-Hoonved |
128 |
4 |
Alessio Di Basco (Ita) |
Fanini-Seven Up |
117 |
5 |
Erik Breukink (Ned) |
Panasonic-Isostar |
115 |
Final Neo-Pro Classification |
Rank |
Rider |
Team |
Time |
1 |
Stefano TOMASINI (Ita)  |
Fanini-Seven Up |
97h 45' 57" |
2 |
Franco Vona (Ita) |
Salotti-Chateau d'Ax |
+ 15' 30" |
3 |
Helmut Wechselberger (Aut) |
Malvor-Bottecchia-Sidi |
+ 32' 16" |
4 |
Angelo Lecchi (Ita) |
Del Tongo-Colnago |
+ 37' 37" |
5 |
Luis Javier Lukin (Spa) |
Reynolds |
+ 43' 20" |
GdI 1989
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